Tuberculose lymphonodale cervicale chez les enfants vaccines par le BCG

La tuberculose ganglionnaire cervicale est une localisation extrapulmonaire relativement frequente chez l'enfant. Elle pose essentiellement des difficultes de prevention. L'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier les particularites diagnostiques et therapeutiques chez des enfants vaccines par le BCG. Materiel et methodes: Notre etude retrospective porte sur 23 cas de tuberculose ganglionnaire chez des enfants vaccines; colliges sur une periode de 10 ans allant de 2002 a 2011. Resultats : La moyenne d'age des enfants etait de 8 ans. Le delai de consultation etait en moyenne de 1 mois. Seize enfants presentaient une polyadenopathie cervicale bilaterale. L'echographie cervicale a objective une necrose intra ganglionnaire dans 17 cas. Le diagnostic de tuberculose ganglionnaire a ete confirme par l'examen anatomopathologique d'une piece d'adenectomie dans tous les cas. Aucun des enfants n'a presente de forme grave ou compliquee. Un traitement antituberculeux selon le schema national a ete instaure dans tous les cas. L'evolution a ete favorable dans tous les cas. Conclusion : Malgre tous les efforts deployes par notre pays pour la lutte contre la tuberculose; cette derniere sevit toujours a l'etat endemique. La vaccination par le BCG a permis de diminuer considerablement le nombre des formes graves mais ne protege pas parfaitement contre cette maladie

Clinical forms and determinants of different locations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an African country.

Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for about 15% to 36% of all cases of TB and its prevalence has significantly increased with the advent of the global pandemic of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection. A few studies are available on the determinants of EPTB. Aims: To determine the distribution and determinants of the main locations of EPTB in the context of high endemicity for HIV infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among patients aged >15 years, receiving care in the pneumology service of the Yaounde Jamot Hospital, between October 2010 and December 2011. Logistic regressions were used to investigate potential determinants of different locations of EPTB. Results: Of the 788 eligible patients admitted during the study period, 100 (12.7%) had isolated EPTB, and 158 (20.1%) had both PTB and EPTB. Among 258 patients definitively included, 162 (62.8%) were men and the median age was 33 (25.75-44) years. Frequent extra-pulmonary locations of tuberculosis were lymph nodes (126 patients, 48.3%), pleura (121 patients, 46.4%) and peritoneum (25 patients, 9.6%). Using isolated pleural TB as a referent, independent determinants of isolated lymph node tuberculosis were HIV infection [odds ratio (95% CI), 2.58 (1.25-5.32)], duration of symptoms >6 weeks [2.41 (1.11-5.22)] and pulmonary involvement [2.39 (1.14-5.05)]. HIV infection [2.23 (1.06- 4.70)] and duration of symptoms >6 weeks [2.31 (1.08-4.96)] were also independent determinants of multifocal/disseminated tuberculosis. Conclusion: EPTB with or without concomitant PTB is frequent in this setting, with HIV infection being the main determinant.

Tuberculosis among HIV-1-infected subjects in a tertiary out-patient service in São Paulo city, Brazil / Tuberculose entre pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1 em ambulatório terciário de São Paulo, Brasil

TB is currently considered to be the most important infectious disease among HIV-1-infected subjects in developing countries, such as Brazil. A retrospective analysis of TB cases was performed, occurring from January 1995 to December 2010 in our cohort of 599 HIV positive patients. The primary outcome was the occurrence of active TB. Forty-one TB cases were diagnosed over this period of 16 years, among 599 HIV positive patients in an open cohort setting in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. All-time lowest mean CD4 T cell count at the time of TB diagnosis was 146 and 186 cells/mm³, respectively. The mean HIV viral load was 5.19 log10 copies/mL, and 59% of the patients were on HAART. TB incidence was 1.47 per 100 person-years, for a total follow-up time of 2775 person-years. The probability of surviving up to 10 years after diagnosis was 75% for TB patients as opposed to 96% for patients with other, non-TB opportunistic diseases (p = 0.03). TB can be considered a public health problem among people living with HIV in Brazil despite of the widespread use of antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection/AIDS.

Atualmente, a tuberculose (TB) é considerada a doença infecciosa mais importante entre os pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1 nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Análise retrospectiva dos casos de tuberculose ocorridos a partir de janeiro 1995 até dezembro de 2010 foi realizada em nossa coorte de 599 pacientes HIV positivos. O desfecho primário foi a ocorrência de TB ativa, e 41 casos da doença foram diagnosticados durante este período de 16 anos. As contagens médias do nadir de células T CD4 e ao momento do diagnóstico de TB foram de 146 e 217 células/mm³, respectivamente. A carga viral média de HIV foi de 5,19 log10 cópias/mL, e 59% dos pacientes estavam em tratamento com ART. A incidência de TB foi de 1,47 casos por 100 pessoas-ano, para um tempo total de seguimento da coorte de 2775 pessoas-ano. A probabilidade de sobreviver até 10 anos após o diagnóstico foi de 75% para pacientes com TB, em oposição a 96% para pacientes com outras doenças oportunistas não-TB (p = 0,03). A tuberculose pode ser considerada problema de saúde pública entre as pessoas que vivem com HIV no Brasil, apesar da ampla utilização de anti-retrovirais para o tratamento da infecção pelo HIV / AIDS.

Tuberculose ativa entre profissionais de saúde em Portugal / Active tuberculosis among health care workers in Portugal

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de tuberculose (TB) ativa em uma coorte de profissionais de saúde (PS). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo dos casos de TB ativa identificados entre 2005 e 2010 no rastreio de medicina do trabalho efetuado em 6.112 PS. Casos de TB ativa foram definidos como aqueles com identificação de Mycobacterium tuberculosis por microscopia direta ou cultura; aqueles com sintomas ou sinais clínicos de TB e granuloma necrotizante, detectado por histologia; e aqueles com achados radiológicos consistentes com TB ativa. RESULTADOS: Dos 6.112 PS avaliados, houve 62 casos de TB ativa (TB pulmonar, em 43; TB pleural, em 15; TB ganglionar, em 2; TB do pericárdio, em 1; TB cutânea, em 1). Sete PS estavam assintomáticos no momento do diagnóstico. Dos 62 casos de TB ativa, a doença ocorreu nos primeiros 10 anos de exposição ocupacional em 48 e nos primeiros 5 anos em 36. A maioria dos casos verificou-se em médicos e enfermeiros (22 e 21, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: O impacto da TB em PS em Portugal é elevado. Os médicos e enfermeiros são os PS com o maior risco de desenvolver TB ativa. Tal como relatado em estudos prévios, parece haver um risco mais elevado de desenvolver essa doença nos primeiros anos de exposição. Em países de elevada incidência, o rastreio de TB nos PS é importante no controle da transmissão dessa doença.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) in a cohort of health care workers (HCWs). METHODS: Descriptive study of active TB cases identified in an occupational health screening of 6,112 HCWs between 2005 and 2010. Cases of active TB were defined as those in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by direct microscopy or culture; those in which there were symptoms or clinical signs of TB and necrotizing granuloma, as detected by histology; and those in which the radiological findings were consistent with active TB. RESULTS: Among the 6,112 HCWs evaluated, we identified 62 cases of active TB: pulmonary TB (n = 43); pleural TB (n = 15); lymph node TB (n = 2); pericardial TB (n = 1); and cutaneous TB (n = 1). Seven HCWs were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Of the 62 cases of active TB, 48 developed within the first 10 years of occupational exposure in the workplace, 36 of those occurring within the first 5 years. Physicians and nurses accounted for the highest numbers of cases (22 and 21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In HCWs employed in Portugal, the TB burden is high. Physicians and nurses are the HCWs who are at the highest risk of developing active TB. We found the risk of developing this disease to be highest in the first years of exposure, as has been reported in previous studies. In high-incidence countries, TB screening of HCWs is important for controlling the transmission of this disease.

Fine needle aspiration cytology in childhood TB lymphadenitis.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) to diagnose Tuberculous (TB) lymphadenitis with compare to excision biopsy and to correlate TB lymphadenitis with clinical, cytological, radiological and mantoux test features. Methods. This was a prospective correlational study. FNAC was done by a pediatrician for 135 children with persisting lymphadenitis after two weeks of antibiotic therapy in the period of January 2005 to June 2006 and compared with excision biopsy in a tertiary care hospital. Results. Forty Six cases (34.07%) were TB lymphadenitis diagnosed by FNAC. Excision biopsy and cytological correlation was done in 100 cases. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for TB lymphadenitis were found to be 98%, 100% and 99% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 98 respectively. Large (>2cm) (86.9%), multiple (52.1%), matted (47.8%), posterior cervical and submandibular group nodes with history of contact (P=0.0016), positive mantoux test (P=0.0001) and Grade III and IV Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) (P=0.0041) were significantly seen in TB lymphadenitis. Ziehl Neelson staining for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) was positive in 32.5% cases of TB Lymphadenitis. Conclusion. Pediatrician himself can do FNAC which is an excellent first line method to diagnose TB lymphadenitis and it has equal accuracy to excision biopsy.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, NWFP, Pakistan: survey of biopsy results

Tuberculosis is a disease of poor countries. In the recent years, there has been an increase in the occurrence of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis [EPTB] world over. As very little data is available regarding the situation of EPTB in NWFP, this study was conducted to asses its frequency in various organ systems of the body and to evaluate the role of demographic factors like sex and age in its causation. A total of 525 cases of EPTB diagnosed histopathologically in the Department of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar in the years 2002-2005 were included in the study. Age, sex and sites of biopsies were recorded. High female preponderance was noted with a M:F ratio of 1:2. Mean age was 35 years and 70% of the patients were in the age group 15-45 years. Lymph nodes were the most common site of EPTB, involved in 66.4% of the cases. EPTB has high rates in females in their reproductive age. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of EPTB. High occurrence of EPTB in female population needs immediate attention of tuberculosis control programs

Diferenças na apresentação clínico-radiológica da tuberculose intratorácica segundo a presença ou não de infecção por HIV / Differences in the clinical and radiological presentation of intrathoracic tuberculosis in the presence or absence of HIV infection

OBJETIVO: Descrever as diferenças na apresentação clínico-radiológica da tuberculose segundo a presença ou não de infecção por HIV. MÉTODOS: Examinou-se uma amostra consecutiva de 231 adultos com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera internados em hospital de tisiologia. A presença de infecção por HIV, AIDS e fatores associados foi avaliada e as radiografias de tórax foram reinterpretadas. RESULTADOS: Havia 113 pacientes HIV-positivos (49 por cento). Estes pacientes apresentavam maior freqüência de tuberculose pulmonar atípica (lesões pulmonares associadas a linfonodomegalias intratorácicas), tuberculose de disseminação hemática e tuberculose pulmonar associada a linfonodomegalias superficiais e menor freqüência de lesões pulmonares escavadas do que os pacientes HIV-negativos. Isto também ocorreu entre os pacientes HIV-positivos com AIDS e os HIV-positivos sem AIDS. Não se observaram diferenças entre os pacientes HIV-positivos sem AIDS e os HIV-negativos. Os valores medianos de CD4 foram menores nos pacientes HIV-positivos com linfonodomegalias intratorácicas e lesões pulmonares em comparação aos com lesões pulmonares exclusivas (47 vs. 266 células/mm³; p < 0,0001), nos pacientes HIV-positivos com AIDS em comparação aos HIV-positivos sem AIDS (136 vs. 398 células/mm³; p < 0,0001) e nos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar atípica em comparação aos com outros tipos de tuberculose (31 vs. 258 células/mm³; p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Há um predomínio de formas atípicas e doença disseminada entre pacientes com imunossupressão avançada. Em locais com alta prevalência de tuberculose, a presença de tuberculose pulmonar atípica ou de tuberculose pulmonar associada a linfonodomegalias superficiais é definidora de AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the differences in the clinical and radiological presentation of tuberculosis in the presence or absence of HIV infection. METHODS: A sample of 231 consecutive adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to a tuberculosis hospital were studied, assessing HIV infection, AIDS, and associated factors, as well as re-evaluating chest X-rays. RESULTS: There were 113 HIV-positive patients (49 percent) Comparing the 113 HIV-positive patients (49 percent) to the 118 HIV-negative patients (51 percent), the former presented a higher frequency of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary lesions accompanied by intrathoracic lymph node enlargement), hematogenous tuberculosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement, as well as presenting less pulmonary cavitation. The same was found when HIV-positive patients with AIDS were compared to those without AIDS. There were no differences between the HIV-positive patients without AIDS and the HIV-negative patients. Median CD4 counts were lower in HIV-positive patients with intrathoracic lymph node enlargement and pulmonary lesions than in the HIV-positive patients with pulmonary lesions only (47 vs. 266 cells/mm³; p < 0.0001), in HIV-positive patients with AIDS than in those without AIDS (136 vs. 398 cells/mm³; p < 0.0001) and in patients with atypical pulmonary tuberculosis than in those with other forms of tuberculosis (31 vs. 258 cells/mm³; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Atypical forms and disseminated disease predominate among patients with advanced immunosuppression. In regions where TB prevalence is high, the presence of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement should be considered an AIDS-defining condition.

Cervical lymphadenopathy: diagnostic approach

To study the etiology of unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy of more than one month duration, not easily diagnosed on clinical ground or after simple investigations. This study was conducted at Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2003 to June 2004. A total of 100 patients with prolonged unexplained cervical lymphadenopathies were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated through detailed history and clinical examination. Beside these, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic examination, FNAC and histopathological studies were performed. Out of 100 cases, 54 [54%] were female and 46 [46%] male. Laboratory evidence revealed tuberculous lymphadenitis in 58 [58%] cases, metastatic lymph nodes in 18 [18%] cases, lymphoma in 18 [18%] cases, infectious mononucleosis in 3 [3%] cases and leukemias in 3 [3%] cases. Histopathology of the lymph nodes gave conclusive diagnosis with 100% sensitivity rate in cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis and lymphomas. Tuberculous lymphadenitis [58%] represented the commonest infectious aetiology in present study and carcinoma is less common as compared to the western figures. It is advised that any treatment for cervical lymphadenopathy should be preceded by histological proof

Tuberculous lymphadenopathy: an approach to diagnosis and management

The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of peripheral tuberculeus lymphadenopathy in western region of Saudi Arabia, its clinical presentation, the diagnosis and the assessment of the value of short-term chemotherapy.A prospective study of 64 consecutive patients with proven tuberclous lymphadenpathy were included in this study, using FNA and/ or lymph node excisional biopsy. Of the sixty-four patients included in the study, seventeen [26.6%] were males and 47 [73.4%] females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 96 years with a mean age of 40 years. The number of patients who presented with constitutional symptoms was 33 [51.6%].There was a preponderance of females; the female to male ratio was 2.7%, consistent with other studies. Matting and fixation of the nodes to the surrounding structures was present in 24 [37.5%] patients, while the nodes were discrete in the rest. Among which discharging sinuses and abscesses were noted in 10.9% and 7.8% of the cases respectively. Conclusions: The diagnostic yield of FNA can be augmented by performing two FNA attempts. One to be sent for cytopathological examination and the other for AFB smear examination and Mycobacterial culture. A short course of combined chemotherapy consisting of rifampicin [600 mg orally once daily], INH [10mg/kg daily] and pyrazinamide [15 mg/ kg] for 6 months and ethambutol [15mg/kg] for 2 months was an effective and satisfactory therapy in our patients, as proven by the lack of recurrence or relapse after 5 years of follows up

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Since the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) is largely depended on the physician's suspicion in respect of the disease, we believed that it would be worthwhile to scrutinize the clinical characteristics of EPT. Thus, here we present retrospectively evaluated clinical manifestations of patients who were diagnosed as EPT cases in a tertiary referral care hospital. Medical records of 312 patients, diagnosed as having EPT at Yongdong Severance hospital from January 1997 to December 1999, were reviewed retrospectively. In total 312 patients, 149 (47.8%) males and 163 (52.2%) females aged from 13 years to 87 years, were included into this study. The most common site of the involvement was pleura (35.6%). The patients complained of localized symptoms (72.4%) more frequently than systemic symptoms (52.2%). The most common symptom was pain at the infected site (48.1%). Leukocytosis, anemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found in 12.8%, 50.3%, 79.3% and 63.1% of the patients, respectively. Twenty-four percent of the patients had underlying medical illnesses such as, diabetes mellitus or liver cirrhosis, or were over 60 years old. In 67.3% of patients, tuberculosis was suspected at the initial visit. However, tuberculosis was microbiologically proven in only 23.7% of the patients. The time interval from the symptom onset to the diagnosis varied, with the mean duration of the period 96 days. Pulmonary parenchymal abnormal lesions were found in 133 patients (42.6%) on chest radiographs. EPT has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, so it is difficult to diagnose it. Based on our studies, only 11.2% of the patients were confirmed as EPT. So it is important that the physician who first examines the patient should have a high degree of suspicion based on the chest radiography, localized or systemic symptoms and several laboratory parameters reviewed in this study.

Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis in childhood.

A study of 190 children of chronic cervical lymphadenitis showed tuberculous etiology on histopathological examination in 92 (48.4%) and bacteriological evidence of mycobacterial infection (smear and/or culture) in 42 (22.1%). Of these 42, twelve (28.6%) showed histopathological diagnosis of non-specific lymphadenitis. Positive culture for mycobacteria was obtained in 40, of which 30 (75%) were typical M. tuberculosis and 10 (25%) were atypical mycobacteria. The most predominant species of typical mycobacteria was M. scrofulaceum (60%) followed by M. avium intracellulare (40%). There was no remarkable difference in the histopathological pattern of those in which M. tuberculosis was grown and those in which bacterial growth was that of atypical mycobacteria. The diagnosis of chronic cervical lymphadenitis should therefore be taken a step beyond histopathology, up to complete bacteriological examination, especially to confirm the cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria.

Tuberculosis in children--what has changed in last 20 years?

Several changes have been observed in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities and treatment of tuberculosis. Emergence of HIV epidemic and drug resistance have posed significant challenges. With increase in number of diseased adults and spread of HIV infection, the infection rates in children are likely to increase. It is estimated that in developing countries the annual risk of tuberculosis infection in children is 2.5%. Nearly 8-20% of the deaths caused by tuberculosis occur in children. Lymph node tuberculosis has increased over last two decades. HIV infected children are at an increased risk of tuberculosis, particularly disseminated disease. In last two decades drug resistant tuberculosis has increased gradually. The rates of drug resistance to any drug varied from 20% to 80% in different geographic regions. Various diagnostic techniques such as improved culture techniques, serodiagnosis, and nucleic acid amplification have been developed and evaluated to improve diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Serodiagnosis is an attractive investigation but till date none of the tests have desirable sensitivity and specificity. Tests based on nucleic acid amplification are a promising advance. Relatively less experience in children, need for technical expertise and high cost are limiting factors for their use in children with tuberculosis. Short-course chemotherapy for childhood tuberculosis is well established. Treatment with intermittent regimens is comparable to daily regimens. Directly observed treatment strategy have shown encouraging result.

Tuberculose ganglionar periférica: um estudo de 76 casos registrados pelo Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraíba / Peripheric ganglial tuberculosis: 76 cases analysed at the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital of Federal University of Paraiba

Os autores analisam, numa abordagem perfunctória, 76 casos de pacientes com diagnóstico de tuberculose ganglionar periférica, registrados no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraíba no período de 1991 a 1995. Não foi observada predominância de diagnóstico de tuberculose ganglionar periférica (TGP) em relação ao sexo, porém se encontrou maior freqüência de casos em crianças, computando-se 52,6 por cento dos casos abaixo de 10 anos de idade, 34,2 por cento entre 10 e 40 anos e 13,2 por cento acima de 40 anos

Resultados de 39 biopsias en adenopatias cervicales / Results of 39 biopsies of cervical adenopathies

Las adenopatías cervicales son manifestaciones de diversas patologías y la mayoría de las veces no se precisa su causa. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo transversal revisando los resultados de 39 biopsias de adenopatías cervicales efectuadas pacientes adultos, en el Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, durante el período 1ro de julio 1990 al 30 de junio 1996. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue tuberculosis ganglionar con 10 casos (25.6//), luego siguieron Toxoplasmosis 6 casos (15.4//), Linfoma de Hodgkin 5 casos (12.8//), Linfoma No Hodgkin 3 casos (7.7//) y metastasis de Ca 3 casos (7.7//). Hubo 12 patologías diferentes con solo un caso (30.8//). La tuberculosis ganglionar es la patología más frecuente en nuestro medio en casos de adenopatías cervicales en adultos

[ frequency of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep slaughtered in Shiraz abattoir]

The frequency of casesous lymphadenitis in 1000 sheep slaughtered in Shiraz abattoir was determined with respect to the sex and age of animals. No significant difference due to sex was observed. Significant increase in the level of infection with age was present. Infection rate of prescapular prefemoral and inguinal lymph nodes in different ages were: less than 1 year; 0.91%, 1-2 years; 2.05% 2-3 years; 4.27% and more than 3 years; 8.28%. Also the infection rate of prescapular prefemoral and inguinal lymph nodes was 72.22% 16.67% and 11.11% respectively. None of supramammary lymph node was found infected. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from 58.77% of positive samples

Tuberculous disease in a pediatric referral centre: 16 years experience.

Children with evidence of tuberculous disease registered at the TB Clinic, Institute of Child Health, Madras during the years 1977 to 1992 were analyzed. Progressive primary complex, is the commonest thoracic form of tuberculosis while tuberculous meningitis is the commonest extra thoracic form. The overall prevalence of various clinical forms of tuberculosis has decreased over the last 16 years. There is an increasing trend in the prevalence of progressive primary complex among the BCG vaccinated group. The prevalence of pleural effusion, bone tuberculosis and abdominal tuberculosis is almost same over the last 16 years and is more in the BCG non vaccinated children. In tuberculous adenitis there is no significant variation between the two groups. The occurrence of tuberculous meningitis is in the ratio of 1:3 among BCG vaccinated and non-BCG vaccinated children. Though the prevalence of miliary tuberculosis is negligible, it is significantly more in BCG non-vaccinated children. There is a tendency for slight decrease in overall mortality due to tuberculosis in the last 10 years but the mortality due to tuberculous meningitis continues to be the same over the past 16 years.

Infección por VIH en pacientes tuberculosos / Hiv infection in tuberculosis patients

Entre junio 1992 y junio 1993 a 117 tuberculosos varones internados en el Hospital Tornú, en Buenos Aires se les efectuó el test VIH. Tenían entre 19 y 50 años de edad. Fueron VIH reactivos 25 enfermos (21,3 por ciento). De los 25 positivos, 21 eran tuberculosospulmonares, 3 pleuropulmonares y 1 ganglionar. La reacción de la tuberculínica (PPD) fue positiva en 8 y negativa en 17. Habían enfermedades asociadas en 16 casos; Pneumocistis carinii en 4, candidiasis en, lues en 3, hepatitis C en 4, Criptococosis en 1, micosis en 1, asma en 1, anemia en 1, hepatitis crónica en 1. En el conteo inicial de linfocitos TCD4 en sangre se efectuó en 8 casos, 4 tenían menos 200 por mm3. El tratamiento de la tuberculosis dio el siguiente resultado: curados 5, evolución favorable 11, fallecidos 2, evolución desconocida 7. Las reacciones adversas a las drogas fueron similares a las de los tuberculosos no reactivos. En resumen, nos ha llaamado la atención el elevado porcentaje de VIH reactivos en la población de tuberculosos varones atendidos en el Hospital Tornú en 1 año. En l986-87, el mismo estudio efectuado en 100 tuberculosos varones dio un 5 por ciento de VIH reactivos

The re-emergence of scrofula with HIV infection: a review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Se presenta la escrofulosis desde una perspectiva histórica recalcando su importancia en la era de infección por el VIH. Se repasa la epidemiología de esta enfermedad micobacteriana y el rol de las micobacterias no tuberculosas y M. tuberculosis. Se discuten las alternativas diagnósticas y terapéuticas